In a classic genetics study, Geissler (1889) studied hospital records in Saxony and compiled data on the gender ratio. The following table shows the number of male children in 6115 families with 12 children. If the genders of successive children are independent and the probabilities remain constant over time, the number of males born to a particular family of 12 children should be a binomial random variable with 12 trials and an unknown probability p of success. If the probability of a male child is the same for each family, the table represents the occurrence of 6115 binomial random variables. Test whether the data agree with this model. Why might the model fail?
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