solution

Reconsider the exercise in Section 5.1 about school spirit
(Exercise 5.1.3). Suppose that you find that 24% of a random sample of students
at ESU wears clothing with the school name or logo, compared to 16% of a random
sample of students at MSU. Our research question: Is the observed difference in
percentage of students wearing school clothing at ESU versus MSU statistically
significant?

a. Which of the following is the appropriate null
hypothesis? Choose one.

A. In general, a greater percentage of ESU students wear
school clothing compared to MSU students.

B. In general, a smaller percentage of ESU students wear
school clothing compared to MSU students.

 C. In general, the percentage of ESU students who wear
school clothing is the same as that of MSU students.

 D. In general, the percentage of ESU students who wear
school clothing is different from that of MSU students.

 b. Which of the following is the appropriate alternative
hypothesis? Choose one.

A. In general, a greater percentage of ESU students wear
school clothing compared to MSU students.

 B. In general, a smaller percentage of ESU students wear
school clothing compared to MSU students.

 C. In general, the percentage of ESU students who wear
school clothing is the same as that of MSU students.

D. In general, the percentage of ESU students who wear
school clothing is different from that of MSU students.

c. In this context, calculate an appropriate statistic value
to compare ESU students to MSU students with regard to wearing school clothing.

 d. What additional information do you need in order to
assess whether this difference calculated in part (c) is statistically significant?

 e. Describe a scenario, involving the additional
information you cited in part (d), in which you believe that this difference
would be statistically significant.

 f. Describe a scenario, involving the additional
information you cited in part (d), in which you believe that this difference
would not be statistically significant.